Financial literacy education for the modern era.

Back to Glossary
FundamentalsBeginner

CompoundInterest

The eighth wonder of the world. Compound interest is interest calculated on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods.

8 min read
Interactive

Interactive Calculator

$1,000
7%
30 years
Year0
Simple Interest$1,000
Compound Interest$1,000
Extra from Compounding+$0
1,9033,8065,7097,612015yr30yr
Compound Interest
Simple Interest

The Mathematics

Compound Interest Formula

A = P(1 + r/n)nt
  • AFinal amount after interest
  • PPrincipal (initial investment)
  • rAnnual interest rate (as decimal)
  • nCompounding frequency per year
  • tTime in years

Why It Matters

Compound interest is often called the "eighth wonder of the world" because of its powerful ability to grow wealth exponentially over time.

Unlike simple interest, which is calculated only on the principal, compound interest is calculated on both the principal and the accumulated interest. This creates a snowball effect.

The key insight: time is your greatest asset. Starting early, even with smaller amounts, often beats investing more later.

Key Insights

01

Time is Your Greatest Asset

The longer your money compounds, the more dramatic the growth. Starting 10 years earlier can double your final amount.

02

Frequency Matters

More frequent compounding leads to faster growth. Daily compounding beats annual, though the difference diminishes over very long periods.

03

The Rule of 72

Divide 72 by your interest rate to estimate how many years it takes to double your money. At 7%, it takes about 10 years.

Real World Example

The Power of Starting Early

Consider two investors: Alex starts investing $200/month at age 25 and stops at 35 (10 years). Jordan starts at 35 and invests $200/month until 65 (30 years). Both earn 7% annually.

Alex (10 years, started early)Total invested: $24,000
$244,000*
Jordan (30 years, started late)Total invested: $72,000
$227,000*

*Approximate values at age 65. Alex invested 3x less but ended up with more due to compound growth over more time.

40

Extra years of compounding can outweigh larger contributions